The Application of Traction in Physical Therapy

Traction Application in Physical Therapy Traction reduces load by exerting a mechanical pulling force on the musculoskeletal system. It is applied to restore biomechanical balance in the spine or extremities. In modern physiotherapy, traction began to be used with mechanical and manual systems from the mid-20th century onwards.

The aim is to increase the intervertebral space, reduce disc compression, and relieve muscle spasm. Physiological Effects Intervertebral space increases, nerve root compression decreases. Muscle spasm resolves, circulation improves. Endorphin release increases, resulting in an analgesic effect.

Indications Cervical or lumbar disc herniations Nerve root compression (radiculopathy) Facet joint dysfunctions Postural imbalances and muscle spasm Contraindications Acute trauma, fracture, tumor Osteoporosis and advanced bone weakness Infection, inflammation Lumbar mechanical traction during pregnancy Hypermobility and unstable vertebrae Scientific Evidence Fritz et al. (2014): Traction + exercise > exercise alone. Borman et al. (2008): Reduces pain, improves quality of life. Systematic reviews: The most effective results are obtained with multimodal treatment.

References:

• Fritz JM, et al. (2014). Effectiveness of mechanical traction in addition to exercise for low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther. 94(8):1093–1105.

• Borman P, et al. (2008). The effects of lumbar traction on pain and functional status in patients with low back pain: a randomized controlled study. Clin Rehabil. 22(11):1015–1022.

• Systematic reviews show that traction, when combined with multimodal treatment, yields the most effective results (Clarke et al., 2015; Herbert et al., 2013).