What is a Colposcopy

In women's health, regular gynecological check-ups are of great importance for the early detection of cervical cancer. With screening methods such as Pap smear and HPV testing, cellular changes that may occur in the cervix can be detected at an early stage. When abnormalities are detected in these tests, colposcopy is performed for further evaluation.

Colposcopy is the detailed examination of the cervix, vagina, and vulva using a lighted and magnifying device called a colposcope. During the procedure, no incisions are made and generally no anesthesia is required. Thanks to special solutions applied to the cervix, abnormal cell areas become visible; if deemed necessary, a biopsy can be taken. The procedure typically takes 10–20 minutes on average, and the patient can usually return to daily activities on the same day.

Colposcopy is particularly recommended in cases of HPV positivity, abnormal smear results, the presence of cervical lesions, or unexplained vaginal bleeding. The aim is to detect precancerous cellular changes at an early stage and to plan appropriate treatment when necessary. Thanks to early diagnosis, cervical cancer is largely a preventable disease.

References:

• World Health Organization (WHO). Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention Guidelines.

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Practice Bulletin: Cervical Cancer Screening and Colposcopy.

• Turkish Gynecology and Obstetrics Association. Cervical screening and colposcopy practice guidelines.